小島經濟學 How an Economy Grows and Why It Crashes

How an Economy Grows and Why It Crashes

小島經濟學 | 書籍介紹

一本漫畫形式基礎經濟學寓言類書籍,以通俗易懂方式告訴您有關金錢、資本、儲蓄、借貸間的層層關係。書中最喜愛的是每章節末有與現實連結單元,將現實世界與寓言故事相互應證。

小島經濟學 | 重點整理

什麼才是一切經濟的根源?

  • From gains in Productivity all other economic benefits flow.
  • Keeping this in mind, it is easy to see what makes economies grow: finding better ways of producing more stuff that human want 或是減少做事情的阻力

提升生產力最重要的三項要素?

  • Tool, capital, and innovation are the keys to this equation.

什麼是資本?

  • 能提升被需要物品之「生產效率」才稱作為資本

重點想的是如何提高生產能力,有效方法是透過創新工具提升生產效率

貸款給個人或企業的款項如果無法成功促成必要的創新或提高產能,就會浪費儲蓄供給,削弱整體經濟

儲蓄創造了資本,而資本使生產擴大成為可能,所以儲蓄下來的一元對經濟產生的積極影響大於消費掉的一元

生產效率提高了 => 儲蓄、創新和投資的結果

於勞動者所使用的資本,資本越優化,勞動的價值就越大。例如,付出同樣的勞動,你駕駛一輛推土機挖的坑要比你用鏟子挖的坑大得多,所以工作最好是盡可能利用最好的資本來做。=> 進一步推論,最好學習槓桿較大、能極大化提升生產效率的工具或技能來工作

扮演關鍵角色的不是消費,而是生產!根本不需要勸說人們消費,因為人類的需求永遠不會得到滿足。如果人們不想要某樣東西,那一定是有理由的,要不是產品不夠好,要不是買不起。不管是什麼原因,延遲購買產品或者把要花的錢存起來,都是出於理性的考慮,而且對整個社會都有好處。

Business loans such as these are the best use of saved capital because they tend to expand production.

Loans made to businesses that do not succeed waste society’s store of saving and diminish productive capacity.

Loans made to individuals or enterprises that do not succeed in creating a needed innovation or expanding productive capacity tend to weaken the overall economy by wasting the supply of savings.

Specialization increases production, which in turn raises living standards.

it is not the aim of an economy to provide jobs. The goal is simply to maximize productivity.

天下沒有白吃的午餐

  • He observed that people loved getting stuff for free. Similarly, they hated paying taxes. So, he devised a plan: if he could find a way to make it look like he was giving something to the islanders for free, then he could gain their unconditional support.

正常來講,貿易逆差能夠自我調節。如果一個國家處於貿易順差狀態,也就是說其出口額大於進口額,就會在國際上形成對其貨幣的需求,如果你想要該國的產品,你就需要該國的貨幣。所以強勢的貿易地位會使一國貨幣走強,弱勢的貿易地位則導致該國貨幣疲軟;如果沒有人想購買你的產品,也就沒有人需要你的貨幣。

總結心得

最底層人們心中想要的東西都相同,食衣住行育樂為根本,如何透過「創新」,開發新「工具」,幫助大眾以較低的成本,更有效率的做這些根本需求,便能提升生產力,例如:

  1. 自動駕駛(行),解放駕駛人的時間
  2. 虛擬貨幣(食衣住行育樂),降低金錢流通摩擦力
  3. Apple 提供的 iPhone MacBook ,提升大家的工作效率
  4. ChatGPT 解放人的大腦精力,提升做事情效率

找到相對於他人自己優勢的地方,凸顯自己的優勢,隱藏自己的劣勢]]

  • Some islands (or cities, countries, or even people for that matter) often have a relative abundance of something that others don’t. Each person, country, or island will naturally use its own particular advantages to get the most reward for what it has.

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